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Bharatpur City Guide
The Keoladeo Ghana National Park or-as many people prefer to call it-the
Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary lies between two of India's most historic cities,
Agra and Jaipur. This north Indian sanctuary is situated in the country's
northwestern state of Rajasthan, about 190 km from the national capital
of Delhi. The name 'Keoladeo' is derived from the name of an ancient Hindu
temple devoted to Lord Shiva in the sanctuary's central zone while the Hindi
term 'Ghana' implies dense, thick areas of forest cover.
This spectacular bird sanctuary is historical in its own way. The Maharaja
of Bharatpur is credited for its creation in 1890, though conservation was
the last thing on his mind. He got a large area enclosed with embankments
and further divided it with earthen dams called 'bunds' creating a large
number of marshes and lakes. Thus, Bharatpur is mainly an artificial creation.
The government banned the indiscriminate shooting of birds in 1965. Conservation
efforts originally started by Dr. Salim Ali received a further impetus when
the area was deemed a national park in March 1982. In 1985, Bharatpur was
accepted as a World Heritage Site.
Bharatpur hosts a variety of bird species from across the globe. Close
to 380 species of birds are found in this 29 sq km stretch, approximately
10 sq km of which comprises of marshes and bogs. Rest of the area comprises
of scrublands, grasslands and more than 44,000 trees that are used for
nesting by birds each year. This rather intriguing blend of marshes, woodland
and flora found here represents and, at the same time, substantiates the
density and diversity of the region's forest cover.
Tourist Attraction in Bharatpur
Veteran ornithologist H. G. Alexander spent a full day at the park compiling
a list of over a hundred species of bird at Bharatpur. This is an indication
of the enjoyment that the sanctuary can provide. Some 377 species have
been spotted at Bharatpur Sanctuary, making it one of the most inviting
destinations in the world for ornithologists, amateurs and nature lovers.
Various species of indigenous water birds, waterside birds, migratory
water birds, land migratory birds, and domestic land species are found
here. There are approximately 56 different families of birds, of which
the Passeriformes ( 156 species) and Charadriformes (56 species) dominate.
One-third of birds at Bharatpur are migrants, many of whom spend their
winters before returning to their breeding grounds in the Arctic and Central
Asia.
The bird most popular among tourists and ornithologists is the Siberian
crane. According to field experts, this bird is known to travel distances
of up to 6,500 km migrating from the Ob River basin region (Aral mountains,
Siberia). Conservationists are working hard to protect the Siberian crane
species as they are on the verge of extinction. Apart from Feredunkenar
in Iran, Bharatpur Sanctuary is the only place where the Siberian crane
migrates. The cranes arrive in December and stay until early March. According
to ornithologists, unlike its Indian counterpart the Siberian crane feeds
on Cypress Rotents grass (an underground aquatic root). The intriguing
fact is that Siberian cranes have a mixed diet of vegetation, fish and
other small creatures back home, but they adopt a vegetarian diet during
their stay in India.
Other 'guests' at Bharatpur include huge birds like Dalmatian pelicans,
which are two meters in length, and minute ones like the Siberian leaf
warbler, which is merely the size of our index finger! Several other species
of cranes-corcomorants, egrets, darters, herons, storks, geese, ducks,
eagles, hawks, shanks, stints, wagtails, wheatears, flycatchers, buntings,
larks, spoonbills, kingfishers, owls and pipits-also make Bharatpur their
temporary abode.
Bharatpur heronry is one of its kind and bustles with zealous activity.
The production of chicks during the breeding season is put at about 30,000.
This avian kingdom also hosts mammalian species like nilgai, sambhar,
chital, blac k bucks, jungle cat and the wild boar. The large rock python
(which is spotted at Python Point beyond Keoladeo temple) as well as its
nemesis, the mongoose, are found in appreciable numbers. However, spotting
a duel between the two is purely a matter of chance.
Places around Bharatpur
The city center is a mere 3 km from the park and has its own fare share
of oddities, bazaars and night markets that are definitely worth a visit.
Also worth visiting is the Laxmi Vilas Palace that houses a museum. The
city of Agra, which is just 55 km from Bharatpur, has one of the most
magnificent monuments ever built-the romantic Taj Mahal, a veritable poem
in stone built by the Mughal emperor Shahjahan.
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